Blackjack Team Play

Blackjack Team Play

As you may have already known from the previous post, both Ken Uston and Al Francesco were two of the original inductees during the Blackjack Hall of Fame held in Barona Casino in 2003. And the 2004 Blackjack Hall of Fame was none other than Keith Taft. However, the rise and fall of the MIT blackjack team was a historical landmark in blackjack team play.

In the late 70s, Al Francesco probably created the first blackjack team in history. He selected the team members, trained them in Lawrence Revere’s card counting system and sent them to play. He invented and put into practice the principle of “BIG PLAYER”. For example, when the part of the team is humbly playing low stakes, some drunken and wealthy fish makes high bets on the given signals.

Ken Uston joined Al Francesco‘s team for several years with some degree of success, but his self-actualization needs did stand it under the pressure of his own egoistic personality. He had a very high opinion of himself. He was an action man, liked to show off and wanted to be the first in everything. He left Al Francesco and wrote several books about his gambling adventures. As expected of any high profile project, the books send shock waves through the gambling industry.

Meanwhile, Al Francesco and his cohorts were dissatisfied with Ken Uston‘s decisions to publish the methods of the game which were then available only to the inner circle. But Ken Uston would not be himself if he had not done it.

The casinos knew that well-financed team of blackjack professionals can cause great hurt to casinos. The casinos improvised counter-measures and introduced multi-decked games, frequent shuffling procedures and removal of several good rules. In addition, the casinos appointed special detective agencies to spy on the blackjack professionals, collect the necessary information about them and distribute it among the casinos.

Ken Uston created new methods of the game, used make-up to disguise players, recruited more and more people into his teams and started playing abroad. He was also involved in writing new books, starring on TV, writing new articles and developing new card counting systems.

One of the most scandalous Ken Uston‘s projects was creating the team against the casino with the aid of computers. He got his supply of computers from another Blackjack Hall of Fame inductee Keith Taft. They hid microchips on the body and in the shoes. These microchips can calculate the current situation in the game more precisely than any other human strategy and send the necessary signals to the player. His teams almost broke several casinos, but in a while they were caught, arrested and accused of fraud. The computers and microchips were confiscated. However, the experts including FBI experts, proved that there was no fraud and the accusations were withdrawn.

In 1970, Keith Taft created his first blackjack computer. He was an engineer, computer specialist and inventor. The computers were made available for use by Ken Uston‘s teams.

At that time, the only computers available were IBM mainframes. Miniaturization of computers were unheard off. Keith Taft invented the first version that used 16bite processor, manually made memory and manually wired-in program. Assembly work and debugging took two years. He protected his device with copper screen from possible clutters and hid it in his boots. At first he was very lucky, but then he lost a great deal. He decided to give up playing alone. Keith Taft thought of writing a book, but then contracts with blackjack professionals came his way.

After a few years the market offered more powerful computing devices. The basis of the other device was Z80 processor. Keith Taft built it in the pocket calculator. Keith Taft together with his brother made several such computers for his team. They doubled their bankroll in a week. Tripled in two weeks. Then they were caught, the money and the computer were confiscated.

In short, the secretive project broke down. And a new one emerged with more sophisticated and secret devices. More complicated computers required new processors and larger memory. New investments from the players and investors made good money for Keith Taft and his team of blackjack professionals. Moreover, this computer remained unnoticed in the casinos. Keith Taft created protection system which is quite similar to the modern “electronic key”.

So screw Erecto and get active in your sex life generic cialis with full vigour and fervour. Mast Mood oil is non-sticky herbal viagra generika oil and massage gently. Services such as dmv.org levitra 60 mg have a couple of drinks or two and slept. I think it’s crazy just how popular male levitra low price enhancement supplements have actually gotten nowadays. Then he developed “7-Up” scheme which linked 7 players at the table into the network. Each had a computer and they operate within the network. Just imagine, Keith Taft created computer networks and servers in 1982, years ahead of Microsoft.

Soon video cameras emerged. Keith Taft started applying radio signals and even satellite. Then again a failure, arrest and accusation of fraud. Charges were again dismissed. A new hi-tech project followed.

The struggle between the use of technologies by blackjack professionals and the casinos continue until the issue was finally settled by the Supreme Court of USA. The court held that the use of computers was illegal in the United States.

Since then, Keith Taft stopped playing blackjack. At present, he is living in his house and is working in his laboratory.

Fortunately, Keith Taft‘s contribution to professional blackjack was recognized in the Blackjack Hall of Fame. The 2004 Blackjack Ball displayed Keith Taft‘s work which included a photo album featuring a variety of gadgets that he invented. Many blackjack professionals including Ken Uston used these gadgets to beat the casino. However, Keith Taft credits his teenager son, Marty, for the success of the team.

In terms of organized blackjack team play, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology or MIT Blackjack Team demonstrated themselves as an exceptional innovation of historical significance. Instead of hiring people with money, the operators of the team trained the students to play blackjack for summer earnings during their vacation.

At first the team was small, however the management drew great funds from outside investors and the project grew very large. These young students lived a double life. They attend lectures and eat in the campus canteen for five days a week, then fly to Las Vegas, betting on 10 thousand dollars in the box, living in luxury apartments and driving in limousines at the expense of casinos.

This is possibly the most highly qualified team in the history of blackjack team play. In a few years they have won about 10 million dollars. Then everything went topsy-turvy. First, the risk on the casino’s side increased. There was spying on the players, soon it was found out that they were students of MIT and then their names were added to the blacklist all over the country. Besides, the casinos were more aware of team game principles and each big player immediately came under scrutiny.

But the worse had arrived. A traitor appeared in the MIT blackjack team. For “the thirty pieces of silver”, one of the players betrayed all the members of the team to the casino security agency. Furthermore, part of the money was stolen. It resulted in the collapse of the team. Though it revived in somewhat different forms, they were not as successful as before.

On the brighter side, the former founders, pioneers and managers of the MIT blackjack team are really successful people at present. For example, Semyon Dukach is in sales and purchase of Internet companies. He also conducts seminars on blackjack. Andy Bloch became a professional poker player.

Despite its advantages, blackplay team play also has its share of disadvantages. The problems are mainly administrative in nature. It requires massive investments into the risky business. It is not surprising that 99% of the blackjack team play end up as financial disaster.

Blackjack Team Play

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The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part 3

The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part 3

Mathematical developments by the game pioneers in professional blackjack and the creation of simple and efficient card counting systems fuelled the rise of blackjack experts and blackjack professionals.

Lawrence Revere invented a new simple card counting system and first described the method of reducing the current score to the real one. Stanford Wong amplified and improved Hi-Lo system, and also developed the Halves system. Lance Humble, Brison, Gordon, Harvey Dubner are equally famous as blackjack pioneers and they made significant contributions to the development of the methods of the game.

In late 70s, one of the blackjack professionals Al Francesco, probably created the first blackjack team in history. He hired the enthusiasts, taught them Lawrence Revere‘s card counting system and sent them to play. He invented and put into practice the principle of “BIG PLAYER”. For example, when the part of the team is humbly playing low stakes, some drunken and wealthy fish makes high bets on the given signals.

Ken Uston also belonged to this team. He was the vice president of fund stock exchange at that time. However after meeting Lawrence Revere and Al Francesco, he quitted the stock exchange and changed his strict outfit for magnificent bush of hair, golden chains and silk shirts with huge collars contemporaneous with the style of that time.

Ken Uston joined for Al Francesco‘s team for quite a long time and with some degree of success, but his ego did stand it under the pressure of his own ego. He had a very high opinion of himself and wanted to be the first in everything. He left Al Francesco and wrote several books about his gambling adventures. The books send shock waves through the gambling world.

One of the books “BIG PLAYER” revealed the secrets of team game. Another of his books “Million Dollar Blackjack” is stuffed with unbelievable stories which include explanation of the technical aspects of the game as well as presentation of different card counting systems. Ken Uston made people believe that one can beat the casino playing blackjack. One can win a lot, win millions of dollars. He also exposed to the public how casinos react to the blackjack professionals. These casino reactions include slams, insinuations, blacklists, crooked gambling, false accusations, cheating, fraudulent collaborations and altering the odds of the games. Ken Uston was in the blacklists all over the world, having won with his several teams about 8 million dollars.

Meanwhile, Al Francesco and his cohorts are still dissatisfied with Ken Uston‘s decisions to publish the methods of the game which were then available only to the inner circle. But Ken Uston would not be himself if he had not done it.

The next outburst of his popularity was in early 80s, when Ken Uston won the case against the Resorts International Hotel Casino in New Jersey. Since then no casino of New Jersey can refuse play to players who knows card counting. On the other hand, this verdict made the blackjack rules in New Jersey much worse than in Las Vegas because the casinos in New Jersey have to protect themselves against the onslaught of blackjack professionals.
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The next wave of the struggle between the casinos and the card counters occurred during Ken Uston’s era. The casinos understood, that well-financed team of blackjack professionals can cause great hurt to casinos. The casinos improvised counter-measures and introduced multi-decked games, frequent shuffling procedures and removal of several good rules. In addition, the casinos appointed special detective agencies to spy on the blackjack professionals, collect the necessary information about them and distribute it among the casinos.

Ken Uston created new methods of the game, used make-up, recruited more and more people into his teams and started playing abroad. He was also involved in writing new books, starring on TV, writing new articles and developing new card counting systems.

One of the most scandalous Ken Uston‘s projects was creating the team against the casino with the aid of computers. They hid microchips on the body and in the shoes. These microchips can calculate the current situation in the game more precisely than any other human strategy and send the necessary signals to the player. His teams almost broke several casinos, but in a while they were caught, arrested and accused of fraud. The computers and microchips were confiscated. However, the experts including FBI experts, proved that there was no fraud and the accusations were withdrawn. Unfortunately, two weeks after this fraudulent accusation, the Supreme Court of the USA of Nevada State held that the usage of computing devices in casinos is illegal.

On the other side of life, Ken Uston was a good guy, head of corporation, top-notch jazz musician and much adored by women and press. He had great plans on making a film, writing new books, arranging one more trial, and certainly new projects on professional blackjack. Unexpectedly, his life was suddenly interrupted on the morning of September 19, 1987. Ken Uston, age 52, was found dead in his rented apartment in Paris, France. His official cause of death was listed as heart failure. There was another version that casinos are privy to his death but this would never be verified or proven.

The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part 1

The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part 2

card counting

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The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part2

The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part2

The 1962 publication of “Beat the Dealer” by Edward O Thorp was a landmark in the development of professional blackjack in the casino industry. We are now living in the 50th year of Thorp’s era and the blackjack that we see today is the development over these five decades. This person had such a great influence on professional blackjack and it was not surprising that he was the original inductee of the Blackjack Hall of Fame.

Being a young scientist, Edward O. Thorp had a flare for mathematics and regularly keep himself up to date with mathematic journals. When he was a student, he was pressed for money. The idea of relying on mathematics to out-play the casino appealed to Thorp. He decided to evaluate the work of the “Four Horsemen of Aberdeen” and see what results will come out of it. The outcome of this research was a phenomenal book “Beat The Dealer“.

Instead of using the traditional analytical calculations, Edward O Thorp preferred to use the powerful mainframe IBM computer. He wrote several programs on Fortran. Incidentally, Claude Elwood Shannon, a great scientist, was also a research instructor of Edward O Thorp. Both of them were also involved in solving the problem “how to out-play the roulette?”

From his calculations, Thorp understood that dead cards had a considerable impact on the gambler’s outcomes. His main idea was about memorizing the dead cards in a somewhat simplified way. When the remaining cards favour the player, bet higher. Conversely, when the remaining cards favour the dealer, bet lower. This system still remains the basis of all card counting methods in blackjack.

The card counting system introduced by Thorp, was rather complicated for actual casino play. It required intense concentration and abundance of mental arithmetic. However with proper training it was possible to play exactly as mentioned in the book.

Thorp’s book “Beat The Dealer” immediately became a success and a bestseller. Everyone understood that with quite simple actions you can get an advantage. Every reader dreamt of the path to wealth. Conversely, the casinos also knew the impact.

Panic overwhelmed all the Las Vegas casinos. And in 1962 after the release of Thorp’s book, “Beat The Dealer“, all Las Vegas Casinos without exception changed their rules, being afraid of the mass influx of “advantage players”. The quality of the rules worsened terribly and no card counting system could ever help card counters to win. However, the business outcome on the casino was unpredictable. The outcome turned out to be quite the reverse of what they expect. People stopped playing blackjack. And over a period of several months, all the casinos had to return to their former rules for their own survival.

In addition, there was another interesting impact caused by Thorp’s book. There was a sudden surge in popularity of blackjack even surpassing the favorite American craps. A lot of people, after reading the book considered themselves potential winners and rushed to the blackjack tables. However, most of them had a bad understanding of the mathematical principles of the game. They did not become winners. Therefore, the casinos not only got more clients but they are also losing clients.

It contains the same dynamic ingredient as viagra australia so work in precisely the same way. If the infrastructure is not up to the mark, then there is no pfizer viagra 100mg point in opting for that institute. However, viagra online from india remains first choice for men who don’t want to observation utterly foolish). Men have Lack of Sexual Desire https://www.supplementprofessors.com/viagra-8105.html viagra samples canada The act of failing to have the sexual desire is one of the symptoms of impotence. The system presented in the first edition of Thorp’s book was quite difficult even for blackjack professionals and only a few could apply it under the normal playing conditions of a real casino game. The approach to professional blackjack should be simplified.

Julian Braun seems to be the power behind the simplification in the development of professional blackjack. He had hardly ever played a deal in real blackjack. However, he played millions and may be even billions of deals on the computer. Julian Braun was a good mathematician and programmer and he got interested in Thorp’s idea and offered him co-operation in the sphere of calculations and programming.

Julian Braun became the person who first invented the card counting system Hi-Lo. He was behind the development of all modern card counting systems even though the authorship of which belongs to Revere, Humble, Wong and Uston. He wrote the only book “How to Play Winning Blackjack”. Unfortunately it was not a great book.

Julian Braun upgraded Thorp’s system on FORTRAN and made considerable changes. The second edition of Thorp’s book also contained Hi-Lo system in its modern form. It was quite a revolution in the gambling world. Julian Braun worked in IBM corporation and had access to probably the most powerful computers in the world. This fact helped to build simple yet efficient tool in the struggle between blackjack professionals and casino owners.

Using Julian Braun‘s calculations, one of the blackjack professionals known as Lawrence Revere developed his own card counting system and presented his results in the form of tables. Most blackjack card counters throughout the world find these tables effective and efficient and had successfully used them under casino environment. Lance Humble based his Hi-Opt systems also on Julian Braun‘s experience.

Although Julian Braun might not have played blackjack in the casino, he was recognized as a mathematical power behind the development of professional blackjack as well as the evolution of blackjack professionals.

Previous The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part 1

Next The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part 3

Beat the Dealer

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The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part1

The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part1

The dream of beating a casino is as old as the notion “casino” itself. Every gambler wants to win. Every other invents his own “system”. Every hundredth attempts to research the game in great detail. And only a few out of millions succeed.

The most notable achievement in the subject of betting “system” against the casino was the so called “card counting” in blackjack. Card counting is a mathematically based method to enable players to get some advantage over the casino. The casinos certainly are aware of the existence of “card counters” and are trying to implement counter-measures against them. This involves changing the rules, including the introduction of multi-deck shoes and continuous shuffling machines. Sometimes, the casino would ban the card counters if they are seen as a threat to their bottom line. In many cases, the casinos even went overboard in implementing their counter-measures. Historically, blackjack reveals an interesting struggle between the blackjack professionals and the casinos. As to be expected, the casinos have to be smarter because he who makes the rules get the gold.

More than half a century has passed since the discovery that blackjack is beatable, not based on the marked cards and intuition but legitimately based on card counting. The struggle has been fierce and intense, but the war is still going on.

Probably the first person in history who used mathematic to analyze blackjack was Jess Marcum alias Marcovitch. He was born on 30th December 1919.

It happened at the turn of 1949 and 1950, when Jess Marcum, being an expert in mathematic and physic got to Las Vegas. Over there, his mathematic acumen prompted him that most possibly not everything depends on intuition in blackjack.

Jess Marcum started researching blackjack. Firstly, the unusual nature of his research is that he performed absolutely all calculations just using pen and paper. During that time technologies were limited and not readily available. Secondly, his pen and paper research was sufficient for him to find a way to win in blackjack.

Jess Marcum manually developed what is now called basic strategy for card counters ten years ahead of his peers. He counted that theoretically he had an advantage over the casino of about 3%. Under the conditions of that time it was quite real. Moreover, Markum had been playing blackjack in all casinos known to him both in the United States and abroad. His name appeared on the pages of the newspapers as an example of “lucky man” who managed to hit the jackpot.

Jess Markum also went down in history as probably the first man thrown out from the casino because of card counting. At that time the casinos did not understand that such winning system existed. Jess Markum lived in Las Vegas for about a year. The casino owners exchanged the information when they gathered at the general meeting. And they were shocked. After that Jess Markum was barred from play at all Las Vegas casinos. He went to Reno. The same story went on. In half a year after unbelievable “luck” the casino owners started making inquiries about the incredible gambler. Then other states and cities followed. Then Cuba and even the Bahamas. Nobody knows how much money he has won during that time. One thing is known for sure. Jess Markum started the struggle between the blackjack professionals and casino owners, a war that is still going on and getting more intense.

Typical of professional gamblers including blackjack professionals, Jess Markum remained secretive throughout his gambling career. He did not share his calculations with anyone, and completely gave up playing against casinos after a wide public publication of blackjack methods by other authors.
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Jess Markum died in 1992, at the age of 72.

The next wave of great impact on the blackjack mathematics was made in 1956 by a group of four mathematicians, Roger Baldwin, Wilbert Eddie Cantey, Herbert Maisel and James McDermott. They were also known as “Four Horsemen of Aberdeen“. You have seen from my post Blackjack Hall of Fame that these four were 2008 Blackjack Hall of Fame inductees.

These Four Horsemen of Aberdeen had never played in casino before. However, they researched blackjack according to the most common rules during that time. They created basic strategy of playing blackjack and published it together with the calculation methods in the specialized mathematics journal for statisticians – Journal of the American Statistical Association entitled “The Optimum Strategy In Blackjack”.

They made several minor mistakes in calculations which is nothing serious taking into account their enormous contribution. A year later in 1957, they published a small book, “Playing Blackjack to Win: A New Strategy for the Game of 21”.

Unfortunately, their book and the article did not spark much interest, and remained at low profile in spite of their innovative approach. However, the research of the Four Horsemen of Aberdeen turned out to be one of the most widely used references in subsequent years.

In recognition of their work, the Four Horsemen of Aberdeen were collectively inducted in the 2008 Blackjack Hall of Fame.

Continue The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part 2

Blackjack Professionals

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