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The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part 3

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The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part 3

Mathematical developments by the game pioneers in professional blackjack and the creation of simple and efficient card counting systems fuelled the rise of blackjack experts and blackjack professionals.

Lawrence Revere invented a new simple card counting system and first described the method of reducing the current score to the real one. Stanford Wong amplified and improved Hi-Lo system, and also developed the Halves system. Lance Humble, Brison, Gordon, Harvey Dubner are equally famous as blackjack pioneers and they made significant contributions to the development of the methods of the game.

In late 70s, one of the blackjack professionals Al Francesco, probably created the first blackjack team in history. He hired the enthusiasts, taught them Lawrence Revere‘s card counting system and sent them to play. He invented and put into practice the principle of “BIG PLAYER”. For example, when the part of the team is humbly playing low stakes, some drunken and wealthy fish makes high bets on the given signals.

Ken Uston also belonged to this team. He was the vice president of fund stock exchange at that time. However after meeting Lawrence Revere and Al Francesco, he quitted the stock exchange and changed his strict outfit for magnificent bush of hair, golden chains and silk shirts with huge collars contemporaneous with the style of that time.

Ken Uston joined for Al Francesco‘s team for quite a long time and with some degree of success, but his ego did stand it under the pressure of his own ego. He had a very high opinion of himself and wanted to be the first in everything. He left Al Francesco and wrote several books about his gambling adventures. The books send shock waves through the gambling world.

One of the books “BIG PLAYER” revealed the secrets of team game. Another of his books “Million Dollar Blackjack” is stuffed with unbelievable stories which include explanation of the technical aspects of the game as well as presentation of different card counting systems. Ken Uston made people believe that one can beat the casino playing blackjack. One can win a lot, win millions of dollars. He also exposed to the public how casinos react to the blackjack professionals. These casino reactions include slams, insinuations, blacklists, crooked gambling, false accusations, cheating, fraudulent collaborations and altering the odds of the games. Ken Uston was in the blacklists all over the world, having won with his several teams about 8 million dollars.

Meanwhile, Al Francesco and his cohorts are still dissatisfied with Ken Uston‘s decisions to publish the methods of the game which were then available only to the inner circle. But Ken Uston would not be himself if he had not done it.

The next outburst of his popularity was in early 80s, when Ken Uston won the case against the Resorts International Hotel Casino in New Jersey. Since then no casino of New Jersey can refuse play to players who knows card counting. On the other hand, this verdict made the blackjack rules in New Jersey much worse than in Las Vegas because the casinos in New Jersey have to protect themselves against the onslaught of blackjack professionals.
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The next wave of the struggle between the casinos and the card counters occurred during Ken Uston’s era. The casinos understood, that well-financed team of blackjack professionals can cause great hurt to casinos. The casinos improvised counter-measures and introduced multi-decked games, frequent shuffling procedures and removal of several good rules. In addition, the casinos appointed special detective agencies to spy on the blackjack professionals, collect the necessary information about them and distribute it among the casinos.

Ken Uston created new methods of the game, used make-up, recruited more and more people into his teams and started playing abroad. He was also involved in writing new books, starring on TV, writing new articles and developing new card counting systems.

One of the most scandalous Ken Uston‘s projects was creating the team against the casino with the aid of computers. They hid microchips on the body and in the shoes. These microchips can calculate the current situation in the game more precisely than any other human strategy and send the necessary signals to the player. His teams almost broke several casinos, but in a while they were caught, arrested and accused of fraud. The computers and microchips were confiscated. However, the experts including FBI experts, proved that there was no fraud and the accusations were withdrawn. Unfortunately, two weeks after this fraudulent accusation, the Supreme Court of the USA of Nevada State held that the usage of computing devices in casinos is illegal.

On the other side of life, Ken Uston was a good guy, head of corporation, top-notch jazz musician and much adored by women and press. He had great plans on making a film, writing new books, arranging one more trial, and certainly new projects on professional blackjack. Unexpectedly, his life was suddenly interrupted on the morning of September 19, 1987. Ken Uston, age 52, was found dead in his rented apartment in Paris, France. His official cause of death was listed as heart failure. There was another version that casinos are privy to his death but this would never be verified or proven.

The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part 1

The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part 2

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The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part2

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The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part2

The 1962 publication of “Beat the Dealer” by Edward O Thorp was a landmark in the development of professional blackjack in the casino industry. We are now living in the 50th year of Thorp’s era and the blackjack that we see today is the development over these five decades. This person had such a great influence on professional blackjack and it was not surprising that he was the original inductee of the Blackjack Hall of Fame.

Being a young scientist, Edward O. Thorp had a flare for mathematics and regularly keep himself up to date with mathematic journals. When he was a student, he was pressed for money. The idea of relying on mathematics to out-play the casino appealed to Thorp. He decided to evaluate the work of the “Four Horsemen of Aberdeen” and see what results will come out of it. The outcome of this research was a phenomenal book “Beat The Dealer“.

Instead of using the traditional analytical calculations, Edward O Thorp preferred to use the powerful mainframe IBM computer. He wrote several programs on Fortran. Incidentally, Claude Elwood Shannon, a great scientist, was also a research instructor of Edward O Thorp. Both of them were also involved in solving the problem “how to out-play the roulette?”

From his calculations, Thorp understood that dead cards had a considerable impact on the gambler’s outcomes. His main idea was about memorizing the dead cards in a somewhat simplified way. When the remaining cards favour the player, bet higher. Conversely, when the remaining cards favour the dealer, bet lower. This system still remains the basis of all card counting methods in blackjack.

The card counting system introduced by Thorp, was rather complicated for actual casino play. It required intense concentration and abundance of mental arithmetic. However with proper training it was possible to play exactly as mentioned in the book.

Thorp’s book “Beat The Dealer” immediately became a success and a bestseller. Everyone understood that with quite simple actions you can get an advantage. Every reader dreamt of the path to wealth. Conversely, the casinos also knew the impact.

Panic overwhelmed all the Las Vegas casinos. And in 1962 after the release of Thorp’s book, “Beat The Dealer“, all Las Vegas Casinos without exception changed their rules, being afraid of the mass influx of “advantage players”. The quality of the rules worsened terribly and no card counting system could ever help card counters to win. However, the business outcome on the casino was unpredictable. The outcome turned out to be quite the reverse of what they expect. People stopped playing blackjack. And over a period of several months, all the casinos had to return to their former rules for their own survival.

In addition, there was another interesting impact caused by Thorp’s book. There was a sudden surge in popularity of blackjack even surpassing the favorite American craps. A lot of people, after reading the book considered themselves potential winners and rushed to the blackjack tables. However, most of them had a bad understanding of the mathematical principles of the game. They did not become winners. Therefore, the casinos not only got more clients but they are also losing clients.

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Julian Braun seems to be the power behind the simplification in the development of professional blackjack. He had hardly ever played a deal in real blackjack. However, he played millions and may be even billions of deals on the computer. Julian Braun was a good mathematician and programmer and he got interested in Thorp’s idea and offered him co-operation in the sphere of calculations and programming.

Julian Braun became the person who first invented the card counting system Hi-Lo. He was behind the development of all modern card counting systems even though the authorship of which belongs to Revere, Humble, Wong and Uston. He wrote the only book “How to Play Winning Blackjack”. Unfortunately it was not a great book.

Julian Braun upgraded Thorp’s system on FORTRAN and made considerable changes. The second edition of Thorp’s book also contained Hi-Lo system in its modern form. It was quite a revolution in the gambling world. Julian Braun worked in IBM corporation and had access to probably the most powerful computers in the world. This fact helped to build simple yet efficient tool in the struggle between blackjack professionals and casino owners.

Using Julian Braun‘s calculations, one of the blackjack professionals known as Lawrence Revere developed his own card counting system and presented his results in the form of tables. Most blackjack card counters throughout the world find these tables effective and efficient and had successfully used them under casino environment. Lance Humble based his Hi-Opt systems also on Julian Braun‘s experience.

Although Julian Braun might not have played blackjack in the casino, he was recognized as a mathematical power behind the development of professional blackjack as well as the evolution of blackjack professionals.

Previous The Rise of Blackjack Professionals Part 1

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Beat the Dealer

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Professional blackjack card counters

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Professional blackjack card counters

Most casinos now use automatic shuffling machines in blackjack tables. This is casinos’ counter-measures against professional blackjack players who count cards and track card clumping. The question is what will be the future of the blackjack card counters. Are the days of card counting over? Many believe so.

More and more casinos are switching to automatic shuffling in blackjack tables which makes shuffle tracking or card counting impossible.

However, the Nevada gambling control board, the authority that protects the right of both the players and the casinos to ensure fair gaming decided that casinos may not alter the games in a way that would change the frequency of the payouts. Since then, many Nevada casinos train their dealers to count cards and shuffle as they please. In addition, many casinos maintain a database of card counters, including names and photos to try and keep them out of the game.

It is said that in places like Las Vegas in Nevada, casinos introduce strategies to monitor the card counters. Firstly, surveillance cameras are being used to analyze the skill of the players. Secondly, these casinos have smart blackjack tables that use magnetized chips to keep tracks of players’ hands as well as analyzing players’ strategies. These casinos are backed by big corporations with resources that are capable of influencing the gambling authorities to change their rules. Conversely, the professional blackjack players are relatively small fries.

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The pessimists believe that technologies will turn the game into a dinasaur. The casinos will develop some electronic dirty trick to perpetuate their scam business. Their superiority in resources and power will never allow a professional blackjack player to gain an advantage. Blackjack will die away turning into another slot-machine. The casinos will marginize all the card counters. All the blacklists will be compiled into a common list so that card counting in blackjack will become extinct.

The optimists view that “What one person has built, the other can easily dismantle”. Blackjack just can’t get away from it. First, the players will always come up with something new in response to the changes in the game. There is no such thing created by a person, that can’t be overdone by another person. Second, casinos finally should appreciate the theory that blackjack can be won is good for their business. Transformation of this intellectual game into fighting with stupid slot-machine is a lose-lose proposition for the casinos and the players at large.

The general consensus is that human intellect will finally win. The war between the casinos and the players will continue as both parties crack their brains to out-smart each other. Human intellect will always win. It is the law of nature.

So what will be the future of this blackjack conflict? Is it just a beginning or will it soon come to an end? Despite all their latest technology, political power and financial resources, the general consensus is that the casinos would continue to offer blackjack as long as the casinos continue to make money from their blackjack tables. With more than 25 states within the United States offering blackjack games legally, there are rooms for the card counters to survive in professional blackjack within the foreseeable future.

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How to win in blackjack

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How to win in blackjack

Blackjack card counting is the basic strategy to help card counters win in blackjack

In 1994, my girlfriend asked me to take a look at blackjack. She is not a gambler but she told me that friends told her that blackjack is beatable.

So, one day while browsing in a bookshop, I saw a book, “how to win in gambling written by Avery Cardoza”. After going through the book, I found that the book is mainly on blackjack. Other games are also mentioned to make the book look complete. There are very impressive and convincing arguments on blackjack. So, I bought the book and studied the blackjack information at home. After a few hours I am convinced that I can handle the basic strategy with ease. The book also mentioned that knowing the basic strategy is not enough to win but you will be better than 96% of your fellow players. There was a coupon in the book for those who are interested in the professional blackjack. So, I ordered the professional blackjack. Within five days, I received the professional version. Again it took me only a few hours to master the professional blackjack and I am ready for actual play in the casino. I played exactly as instructed by the manual and I won consistently for several months on balance. I am a new player, totally new in gambling yet I am better than 98% of the long term players.

Then one day I noticed the casino decided to take action against the card counters. The casino called them cc. What the casino did was the croupier reshuffles the deck after one quarter of the shoe is played. And if the card counter continue to win, they will reshuffle after every round. When the card counter leaves the table they will revert to playing the whole shoe, usually about 90%.

I continue to play this way for several months but I was not winning. It is more like breaking even. And, I am convinced blackjack is unbeatable when played this way.

Then one day the casino decided to use the continuous shuffling machine. That’s when I quit playing blackjack in the local casino.

For those who have a flare in mathematics, you need only a few hours to master card counting in blackjack. This is unlike professional poker which took me six months to learn including reading fifteen books.

Although blackjack card counting is an advanced technique to win in blackjack, it is relatively easy to understand. A player must first learn the basic strategy of blackjack before learning how to count cards. By learning the technique of counting you will have the odds with you.

The basic concept of blackjack card counting is that a deck filled with 10s and aces will be to your advantage. If the remaining deck is filled with smaller cards, it is to the dealer’s advantage. Simply put, when the deck is in your favour, you bet higher, when the deck is in favour of the dealer, you bet lower.

This is because a deck filled with 10 increases the chance of the dealer getting bust, while increasing your chances of making it in doubling down. In addition, you can just opt to stand to avoid double bust. Conversely, a deck filled with smaller cards makes the dealers chance to bust less and your chances of not making it in doubling down are higher. If you know the deck is filled with 10s or smaller cards, this can give you the advantage of knowing what strategy to use.

The dealer must then always hit until 17. To hit with hands of 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and knowing the deck is filled with 10s are losing hands.

If the deck is filled with aces, there is high chance that you’ll hit blackjack. When the player has blackjack, the pay off odds are 3:2. When the dealer has blackjack, the player only loses one-to-one. That’s why a deck filled with aces is always to the player’s advantage.

Blackjack card counting is not done by memorizing each card that has come out of a 6 deck shoe of cards. You have to simplify the counts by grouping the cards. High cards favour the players, low cards favour the dealers. 7, 8 and 9 are neutral cards.

Blackjack card counting is done by assigning the different card numbers with different point values. Always remember to pick a system that is easy to remember. This will cause fewer mistakes and you will lose less money.

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2,3,4,5,6 = +1;
7, 8, 9 = 0;
10, J, Q, K, Ace = -1

To illustrate this more clearly:
The first card dealt is an ace, so we start by having -1. Then 6 is the next card dealt so we add 1. This makes the run count back to zero. Then a 3 and 4 follows, making the run count now 2. When you see the upcards you try to cancel off the cards with opposing value. This way you capture the counts at high speed to keep up with the dealer.

After figuring the run count, you can try to figure the true count. You take the running count you have and divide it with the number of half-decks remaining from the shoe.

The true counts tell you the appropriate bet size and you can use your strategy from there.

I like to keep a separate count for the aces because ace has special characteristics. Besides your 5 1/2% advantage in blackjacks, if you double down on points nine and ten you will love to receive an ace.

Knowing the basic strategy only reduce your losses. It is still not enough to win. You need to deviate from the basic strategy according to your count to win.

I have seen many blackjack card counters learn by rote and continue to make mistakes because he did not understand the underlying concepts. For example, a fellow player’s cards 88, dealer’s upcard 9. The count is neutral. The fellow player decided to surrender but you told him that is wrong play and you bought over his card.

Let me explain. 88 versus 9 is a loser’s card. You lose less by splitting when conpared to surrender. So, when you bought over, you are actually sharing the loss with your fellow player.

In gambling, never learn the concepts by rote. Try to understand the underlying concepts.

KEYPOINTS

1. Blackjack card counting is a professional strategy to win in blackjack.
2. Blackjack card counting can be learned within a few hours.

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